E620
Glutamic acid
Also known as: L-glutamic acid, Free glutamate
Components / composition
L-glutamic acid, a naturally occurring amino acid.
Common usage in food
Flavor enhancer (umami) in savory processed foods; occurs naturally in tomatoes, cheese, and fermented products.
Effects on human health
Amino acid building block of proteins. Free glutamate contributes umami taste.
Risks & considerations
Some individuals report 'Chinese restaurant syndrome' symptoms; blinded trials show inconsistent results. Generally safe at food levels.
Regulatory approval (EU)
Permitted flavor enhancer in EU Annex II Part E.
US regulatory status (FDA)
L-Glutamic acid occurs naturally in foods and is GRAS in the U.S. as a flavor enhancer. Free glutamate contributes umami taste in tomatoes, cheese, and fermented products. FDA does not set a separate food additive petition for glutamic acid itself; it is recognized as safe at levels used in foods.
Permitted amounts / regulatory limits (EU)
Category-specific maximum levels in Annex II.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not allocated (JECFA: acceptable at levels used in foods).