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E421
Mannitol
Also known as: D-mannitol
Sweetener
Components / composition
Sugar alcohol (polyol): D-mannitol.
Common usage in food
Sweetener and anti-caking agent in chewing gum and confectionery.
Effects on human health
Poorly absorbed; osmotic effect in intestine.
Risks & considerations
Laxative at high doses. Required polyol warning label in EU.
Regulatory approval (EU)
Permitted with polyol labelling requirements.
US regulatory status (FDA)
Mannitol is permitted in the U.S. as a GRAS direct food substance and as a prior-sanctioned ingredient in certain uses. It is used as a sweetener and anti-caking agent in chewing gum and confectionery. High intake can cause osmotic laxative effects, similar to other polyols.
Permitted amounts / regulatory limits (EU)
Category limits in Annex II; practical limits from laxative effect.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not specified as numeric ADI.