E330
Citric acid
Also known as: Citric acid monohydrate
Components / composition
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; widely distributed in citrus fruits.
Common usage in food
Acidity regulator, flavor enhancer, and chelating agent in beverages, confectionery, and canned goods.
Effects on human health
Naturally occurring in metabolism (citric acid cycle). GRAS status with long history of use.
Risks & considerations
May erode tooth enamel with frequent exposure in acidic beverages. Generally very safe.
Regulatory approval (EU)
Permitted broadly in EU Annex II.
US regulatory status (FDA)
Citric acid is GRAS in the U.S. and one of the most common food ingredients, used as an acidulant, flavor enhancer, and chelating agent. FDA describes it as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. U.S. and EU both permit broad use in foods and beverages.
Permitted amounts / regulatory limits (EU)
Quantum satis in most categories.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not specified.