E140
Chlorophylls
Also known as: Chlorophyll, Natural Green 3
Components / composition
Naturally occurring green pigments (chiefly chlorophyll a and b) from plants, with phytol side chains.
Common usage in food
Green coloring in canned vegetables, confectionery, and dairy products.
Effects on human health
Poorly absorbed; no safety concern identified at typical use levels.
Risks & considerations
Minimal; natural pigment with long history of use.
Regulatory approval (EU)
Permitted in EU Annex II food categories.
US regulatory status (FDA)
The EU lists chlorophylls as E 140, but U.S. food-color rules do not mirror that listing exactly. FDA regulates chlorophyll-derived colors under Part 73 exempt listings, while many green hues also come from other permitted plant-derived colors. Check the specific color additive identity used in a U.S. product rather than assuming an E 140 match.
Permitted amounts / regulatory limits (EU)
Quantum satis or category-specific limits per Annex II.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
Not specified; no ADI allocated by JECFA.