E104
Quinoline Yellow
Also known as: CI Food Yellow 13
Components / composition
Mixture of disodium salts of di- and trisulfonated quinoline yellow.
Common usage in food
Greenish-yellow dye in beverages, confectionery, and smoked fish products (where permitted).
Effects on human health
Limited evidence of effects at typical dietary exposure. Included in EU attention/hyperactivity labelling scheme with other azo colors.
Risks & considerations
Possible intolerance reactions in sensitive individuals. Subject to EU mandatory warning for children's products when used with other specified dyes.
Regulatory approval (EU)
Permitted only in specific food categories listed in EU Annex II.
US regulatory status (FDA)
Quinoline Yellow (E 104) is not approved as a food color in the United States. A similarly named dye, D&C Yellow No. 10, is permitted only for drugs and cosmetics—not foods. Products sold in the U.S. must use FDA-listed food colors such as FD&C Yellow No. 5 or No. 6 instead.
Permitted amounts / regulatory limits (EU)
Category-specific maximum levels in EU Annex II Part E.
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
0–0.5 mg/kg body weight per day (JECFA).