Riboflavin

Riboflavin (vitamin B2), also produced by fermentation.

Yellow coloring and nutrient fortification in cereals, dairy products, and energy drinks.

Essential vitamin involved in energy metabolism. Excess riboflavin is typically excreted in urine (harmless yellow discoloration at high intake).

No significant safety concerns at permitted food additive levels.

Permitted as a color and as a nutrient under EU food additive and fortification rules.

Riboflavin is permitted in the U.S. both as a nutrient and as a color additive. It is listed among exempt food colors and is also used for vitamin B2 fortification. Unlike the EU dual additive/nutrient framework, U.S. labeling follows FDA nutrient and color additive rules separately.

See EU Annex II for color uses; fortification levels governed separately by national/EU rules.

Not allocated for food additive use; nutritional requirements differ from additive exposure.